Growling

Growling is a low, guttural vocalization produced by animals as an aggressive warning but can also be found in other contexts such as playful behaviors or mating.

Growling usually first appears in dogs when puppies are about 24 days of age during play fights, emitting a pitch of up to 450 Hz with great variation in consistency.

This is the final development of the dogs' growl, which will remain consistent through its life, although may vary in pitch between individuals.

This is in contrast to when they produce a growl that accurately projects their body size when guarding food, which is necessary because it will be more dangerous if their opponent thinks they are bigger, as this may result in more injury.

[6] Growling in dogs is generally seen as unfavorable; there are various methods to deal with this behaviour including therapy, training and temperament testing.

[10] This growl lasts up to 3 seconds and consists of up to 3 sound pulses, and is the only vocalization produced by this fish and is one of their two main feeding strategies.

With this information, dogs are able to judge their opponent's size relative to their own and decide on what type of action they wish to proceed with during the encounter.

This pattern of behaviour also applies to smaller dogs, which are less likely to interact with any other conspecific in any way larger than them (likely due to their distinct disadvantage of body size).

When bears are being intentionally aggressive, as in when hunting or when threatened, they will tend to remain silent or make short blowing noises.

The ghost crabs use their gastric mill, which is composed of lateral and medial teeth, to imitate the sound of growling.

The growling is used while the ghost crab takes an aggressive stance, which is followed by lunging, they also use their claws to produce a similar sound that is instead used in courtship.

[13] Felids such as leopards and tigers also growl to signal territorial aggression, eliciting anti-predator responses from animals such as elephants.

In domestic cats, growling is a warning noise, implying unhappiness, annoyance, fear or other forms of aggression, and is a signal to back off.

In response to both the lunge and "Headslap", the female will produce the growl in order to project her sex and location.