[1] During the Sengoku period, the area around Gujō was controlled by the Endō clan, who pledged fealty to Oda Nobunaga, followed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
However, the Endō clan escaped attainder, and were transferred to the 10,000 koku Mikami Domain in Shimotsuke Province, where they resided to the Meiji restoration.
[2] The Endō were replaced by a cadet branch of the Inoue clan from Kasama Domain in Hitachi Province from 1692 to 1697, with a kokudaka of 50,000 koku.
In 1758, the shogunate entrusted Gujō to the Aoyama clan, formerly of Miyazu Domain in Tango Province, with a kokudaka of 48,000 koku.
[1] During the Boshin War, the domain contributed its military forces to the Satchō Alliance, although many of its samurai defected to the Tokugawa side.