Rosenberg studied in Uppsala, Stockholm and Bonn, he gained a bachelor's degree at the University of Uppsala in 1895, and a PhD in Bonn in 1899 where he studied under Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912).
His PhD thesis addressed the cytological changes that occur in the cells of the Sundew plant (Drosera) when they are irritated.
Rosenberg worked at the Botanical Institute in Stockholm from 1904 and was promoted to a professorship in plant anatomy and cytology in 1911, at the same university.
This Drosera 'scheme’ was almost certainly the first example of the parents of a hybrid being identified through the analysis of chromosome pairing during meiosis.
[2] Rosenberg's writings dealt mainly in cytology and plant embryology and he became very prominent in these fields.