He started his career at Vitória's youth setup, before moving back to his home state in 2007, after joining Santos.

[15] Gustavo Henrique made his Copa Libertadores debut on 5 April 2018, replacing Renato late into a 1–0 away win against Estudiantes.

[18] On 26 July 2022, Gustavo Henrique signed with Turkish club Fenerbahçe on a season-long loan with option to buy.

[20][21] On 22 August 2023, Gustavo Henrique moved to Spanish Segunda División side Real Valladolid on a three-year contract.

[22] On 15 January 2024, Gustavo Henrique was announced at Corinthians back in his country's top tier, on a two-year contract.