Flowers bloom near the apex, are bell- or funnel-shaped, about 70 mm long and 55 mm wide, with a slender tube adorned with olive-green, white-edged kidney-shaped scales, and pale greenish-white or yellowish-green perianth segments.

The plant blooms readily from June through autumn, even as a young seedling, and produces narrowly pear-shaped, pale grey-green fruits around 25 mm long, containing matte black seeds.

[2] This species is found growing in woodlands and open forest growing in clay soil in Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, Argentina and in Río Negro, Uruguay at elevations between 100 and 500 meters.

[2] Gymnocalycium schroederianum was described by Cornelius Osten and published in Anales Museo Nacional Montevideo in 1941.

The plant's name is derives from the Greek, γυμνός (gymnos) for "naked" and κάλυξ (kalyx) for "calyx" = "naked calyx", where it refers to the fact that the flower buds have neither hairs nor thorns.