Intended to replace the KiHa 85 series,[3] a prototype trainset was completed in late 2019, with a full-production fleet first materializing in 2022.

[4] JR Central calls it a "hybrid car", due to the train having electric motors and battery packs, in addition to power supplied by an onboard diesel generator.

[10] A total of 64 vehicles are to be built by fiscal 2023, and the prototype set is due to be upgraded to mass-production standards.

[15] JR Central introduced the fleet on Nanki limited-express services on the Kisei Main Line[16] from 1 July 2023.

[17] The HC85 series received the 2023 Blue Ribbon Award, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.