HMS Gloucester was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line built for the Royal Navy in the 1740s.

She participated in the 1740–48 War of the Austrian Succession, capturing four French privateers.

The ship was laid down at their Rotherhithe dockyard on 12 July, launched on 23 March 1745 and completed on 10 May.

The ship was commissioned in March 1745 under Captain Charles Saunders for service in the English Channel.

Gloucester sailed for Jamaica in 1749 and returned home in 1753 to pay off.