HMS Hebrus

She participated in the expedition up the Patuxent River in August which resulted in the destruction of the Chesapeake Bay Flotilla, and Palmer was also present at the Battle of Bladensburg.

In the peace after the Napoleonic Wars Hebrus was part of the Cork Station before in July 1816 she joined Admiral Lord Exmouth's fleet that in August bombarded Algiers.

This new theatre of operations, with the Napoleonic Wars ongoing, was expected to put a strain on the existing fleet of Royal Navy frigates, and so more were needed to be built.

[2] Using pine for construction meant that the usually long period of time between keel laying and launching could be dramatically decreased to as little as three months.

On 26 March the French ships were sailing in heavy fog off Roscoff when they almost ran into the 16-gun sloop HMS Sparrow, subsequently engaging and disabling her.

The noise of the combat attracted the 74-gun ship of the line HMS Hannibal, which sailed towards Hebrus as the fog began to clear.

[12][14][10] By this time the wind had begun to falter and at 1:40 a.m. on 27 March Étoile fired at Hebrus as she passed close to the shore at Jobourg.

[12] A French gun battery had been blindly firing towards the two frigates in the darkness as they fought, and the crew of Hebrus quickly took control of their prize to take her out of range.

[17] By 16 August Hebrus was with Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane in Chesapeake Bay, where a large fleet had congregated for offensive operations.

[18] Hebrus was then part of the force under Cockburn that served in operations on the Patuxent River, where the American Chesapeake Bay Flotilla was based, later in the month.

[19][20] The naval force out-distanced the infantry and soon after reached Queen Anne where the Chesapeake Bay Flotilla was; as they approached the American ships, rigged for demolition, began exploding.

[23][14][20] Palmer was afterwards ordered ashore to support British Army operations, and was the only post-captain present at the victorious Battle of Bladensburg on 24 August, where he commanded a division of armed seamen.

[23][14][24] He was the only member of Hebrus's crew there apart from his aide de camp, Midshipman Arthur Wakefield, as the majority of the naval contingent did not reach the battle in time.

[25][26] After Washington was burned on the following day a storm began and at 2:30 p.m. it hit Benedict, where Hebrus and Severn were driven onto the shore;[27] it was recorded that the winds "lashed the smooth and placid waters of the Patuxent into one vast sheet of foam, which covered both our rigging and the decks with its spray"[28]Hebrus subsequently joined a squadron of frigates and bomb vessels commanded by Captain James Gordon, that was intended to attack Baltimore from the sea in the upcoming Battle of Baltimore.

[33][34] With the British Army assault from land having failed, after twenty-five hours of bombardment Cochrane ordered Gordon's squadron to stop firing, and they returned down the river.

[35] When the British Army made its way back to the fleet at North Point on 15 September, the Royal Navy vessels were brought into action to assist the wounded amongst them.

[37] After this Hebrus returned to the Patuxent, from where the majority of the ships split apart as some went with Cockburn to be refitted at Bermuda and some with Cochrane to Halifax as he prepared for operations at New Orleans.

[38] In mid-October Hebrus was sent to Bermuda carrying the body of Captain Sir Peter Parker, who had been killed at the Battle of Caulk's Field; he was buried there on 14 October.

Cockburn declined to officially suspend hostilities until news of the ratification of the treaty arrived, but no more offensive operations were undertaken by his ships.

[50][7] Soon afterwards Hebrus was sent with a small expedition to Bourdeaux and the surrounding area, where it was expected that they would arm and organize French Royalists in the wake of the beginning of the Hundred Days.

[23] In early July Hebrus joined with the 38-gun frigate HMS Pactolus, which had discovered Bourdeaux to be held by the Bonapartist General Bertrand Clauzel in a state of siege.

Palmer persuaded the commander of Pactolus, Captain Frederick Aylmer (who was senior to him), to join him in attempting to take control of the Gironde estuary to ensure contact with Royalist forces on land.

Unbeknownst to them the British embargo on French trade had been lifted that morning, and having ascertained this the squadron reformed off the Gironde in the following night.

In the night the French abandoned the batteries at Verdon, and on 14 July the British landed a force to dismantle them and destroy the guns.

[54] On 16 July the ships sailed to Castillon; while there they received a dispatch from Clauzel announcing that the Hundred Days campaign had ended with an armistice.

[50] Hebrus continued in service after the end of the wars, joining the Cork Station where the men filled their time on sailing excursions, playing cricket, and dancing at balls.

With Hebrus's crew complement lower than usual for peacetime service, 100 men were taken from the 80-gun ship of the line HMS Tonnant to bolster her numbers.

[56] The ships arrived there on 26 August and at day-break the next morning sailed in close to the city, from where Exmouth sent in letters of demands for the release of all Christian slaves.

[57] Hebrus was kept in reserve, alongside the 36-gun frigate HMS Granicus and the smaller vessels, in the expectation that they would fill any gaps in the line of battle as they opened up.

[50][57] Hebrus had taken twenty-two roundshot hits from the Algerian fire, and the crew spent the following night manning the pumps to remove the 1 foot 6 inches (0.46 m) of water that was entering the ship's hull each hour.

The capture of Étoile (front) by Hebrus at the Battle of Jobourg
The bombardment of Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore
Sir Peter Parker , whose body Hebrus returned to England with
Map of the positions of the British fleet during the bombardment of Algiers , with Hebrus towards the centre