[2] Ghanem began his career as an economist at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Washington, D.C.

[6] As Vice President for Africa, Ghanem oversaw the bank's operations and policy dialogue with countries across the African continent, working to address the region's most pressing development challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and conflict.

[7][8] Under his leadership, the World Bank launched various initiatives to support economic diversification, job creation, and social inclusion in Africa.

[9][10] In his role as vice president for the Middle East and North Africa, Ghanem focused on supporting the region's transition to more inclusive and sustainable economic systems.

[11][12] He led efforts to enhance regional integration, improve governance and accountability, and boost private sector development in countries affected by conflict and political instability.