Haiku have found a foothold in German poetry since the 1920s, with examples from Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Blei, Yvan Goll, Peter Altenberg, Alfred Mombert and Arno Holz among others being cited.
[11] Authors in Spain who have written haiku in Spanish include Federico García Lorca, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez and Luis Cernuda.
A translation of Bashō's Oku no Hosomichi to Spanish was done in 1957 by the Mexican poet and Nobel Prize winner Octavio Paz in collaboration with Japanese diplomat Eikichi Hayashiya.
In Italy, the national haiku association was founded in Rome in 1987 by Sono Uchida, the well-known Japanese haijin and the ambassador of Japan in Vatican.
According to Goga (1988),[18] the first Brazilian haiku writer was Afrânio Peixoto, in 1919, through his book Trovas Populares Brasileiras, although who popularized the poetry was Guilherme de Almeida,[18] who published the 1937 magazine article Os Meus Haicais and the collection Poesia Vária, in 1947,[19] although the collection was not exclusively of haiku.
[18] Another interpretation of haiku is the traditionalist one, promoted by Japanese immigrants and descendants, like Hidekazu Masuda Goga and Teruko Oda.
[18] Goga attributes the source of haiku in its original language to the Japanese immigrants, beginning with the arrival of the Kasato Maru ship in the Port of Santos, in June 18, 1908.
[19] Fanny Luíza Dupré was the first woman to publish a book on haiku, in February 1949, entitled Pétalas ao Vento – Haicais.
Haiku routes in Brazil can be summarized chronologically as:[18] With the dissemination of haiku in Portuguese, some schools of thought were formed:[18] Names such as Afrânio Peixoto, Millôr Fernandes, Guilherme de Almeida, Waldomiro Siqueira Júnior, Jorge Fonseca Júnior, José Maurício Mazzucco, Wenceslau de Moraes, Oldegar Vieira, Osman Matos, Abel Pereira, Fanny Luíza Dupré, Martinho Brüning, Paulo Leminski and Alice Ruiz (who travels around the country conducting workshops on the subject) are important in the history of haiku in Brazil.
[20] Andres Ehin (1940 - 2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection Moose Beetle Swallow was published in Ireland in 2005.
Literary critics in the Arab world have not reached an agreement yet whether the haiku poems written by the young poets can be considered a new form of poetry or merely a different name for the (already popular) flash fiction.