[1] Sultanov's main works tackle celestial mechanics and the genesis of the Solar System, as well as the origin, structure and evolution of the asteroid belt and minor planets.
[2] Sultanov graduated from the faculty of physics and mathematics at the Baku State University in 1942, and fought on the Eastern Front of World War II.
[2] Having demobilized from the military in 1946, Sultanov began his scientific work in the Baku State University and completed postgraduate studies.
Sultanov initially worked in the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR.
Sultanov developed the hypothesis that a ring of minor planets formed as a result of successive disintegrations of few larger primary bodies that emerged at the beginning of the evolution of protoplanetary material.