The Observatory is located in the north-east of the Greater Caucasus Range, 150 km from the city of Baku, in the eastern part of Mount Pirkuli, at an altitude of 1435–1500 m above sea level, in geographical coordinates λ = 48⁰ 35' 04" E, φ = 40⁰ 46 '20"N. Here the number of clear nights suitable for observation reaches 150-180 per year.

In Kalbajar, Lachin, Shamakhy, Khizi, and other regions of Azerbaijan, work was underway to select a suitable place for the future foundation of an astronomical observatory.

As a result of research, in 1953, it was planned to build an observation base and then an observatory in the Pirqulu village of the Shamakhy region.

Special meaning in supplying the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory is the acquisition of a telescope with a mirror diameter of 2 m, put into operation in September 1966.

For this purpose, by a particular order of the national leader Haydar Aliyev, in 1976, the Department of Astrophysics was established at the Azerbaijan State University.

In 1981, by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory was named after the great Azerbaijani astronomer Nasreddin Tusi.

In 1997, the Aghdara observational station, which operated on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic during the Soviet period and became the proprietorship of the Azerbaijani state after gaining independence, was also transferred to the balance sheet of the ShAO.

BCB is particularly important in coordinating the observatory activities and its collaboration with other structures and research institutes of ANAS and with the city's universities.

It is shown that during the collapse, during the formation of a neutron star, a flux of neutrinos and antineutrinos with an energy of 50 eV is formed.

The obtained results have been put forward as a critical mechanism for global climate change on the Earth for the first time.

The fundamentals of forming an MHD resonator in the central oblast and the noise oscillation (type change) of an electron neutrino passing through it were developed.

This mechanism can be used to diagnose the physical state of the center of the Sun and explain the asymmetry of the Solar neutrino flux observed at the poles and equator.

In addition, the mechanisms of large-scale low-frequency turbulence formation in the solar wind plasma, its nature, and its impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biosystems were studied.

It is shown that the brightness of details on the surface of Mars is constantly changing, and dust particles in its atmosphere are formed and disappear.

Emission lines were detected in the spectrum of the dark surface of Venus, proving that lightning strikes the planet's atmosphere.