Meretrix lusoria

[2] It is commercially exploited for sushi, and its shells are traditionally used to make white go stones.

[3] Meretrix lusoria is morphologically similar to a number of closely related species,[2] making identification and reports of distribution quite confusing.

Less precise sources may describe a large range in East Asia, in waters tropic to temperate.

[4] However, as Hsiao & Chuang (2023) demonstrated using molecular (nuclear + mtDNA) and multi-variate morphological means, it is possible to distinguish several species: There is one report in 2022 of M. lusoria appearing in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo).

Interestingly, what appeared morphologically to be M. meretrix and M. lyrata at the same site gave very similar mtDNA results.

Capture (blue) and aquaculture (green) production of Japanese hard clam ( Meretrix lusoria ) in thousand tonnes from 1950 to 2022, as reported by the FAO [ 1 ]
Distribution of morphologically similar Meretrix species per Hsiao & Chuang (2023) [ 2 ]