Jaroslav Handlíř (20 November 1888 – 21 September 1942) was a Czech politician and soldier who was a leader in both Czechoslovak and international communism and later joined the Social Democratic Party of Czechoslovakia.
He was captured on the Eastern Front and became a Bolshevik following the October Revolution of 1917 and helped found a Czechoslovak communist group in Russia.
[1] Handlíř represented the Czechoslovak communists at the founding congress of the Comintern in March 1919 and participated in political and militant activities in Czechoslovakia.
Following his release he helped found and then represented the newly formed Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the Third Congress of the Comintern in June and July 1921, where he was elected to the secretariat.
Along with Břetislav Hůla and Miloš Vaněk he addressed the Executive Committee of the Communist International and further promoted a right-wing viewpoint in 1926.