In Europe, G-P303 definable subgroups make up a majority of Haplogroup G persons west of Russia and the Black Sea, and small numbers are also found in North Africa.
[6] To the east, G-P303 samples are found in North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt), in the Middle East (Israel (found among Jews, Arabs, and Druze), Lebanon, Iran (reaching its highest at about 15% of Khuzestan Arabs), Turkey, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Dubai), the Caucasus Mountains area (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kabardinians, Abazinia, Uzbekistan, and scattered among ethnic groups of northwestern China and Russian Siberia.
[5][7] The highest percentage of G-P303 persons in a discrete population so far described, 86%, is in the Tuapsinsky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, among Shapsugs.
[8] In Western Europe, one of the highest percentages is on the island of Ibiza off the eastern Spanish coast.
[9] Haplogroup G (P303) in Ibiza is likely representative of the significant population of Crypto-Jews who came there fleeing the Spanish Expulsion and Inquisition.
This category was established in April, 2010 because of the determination then, that persons with the L140 SNP mutation comprise a separate subgroup of G-P303.
L140 was identified at Family Tree DNA in 2009, but the determination that not all G-P303 person have this mutation was not made until April, 2010.
The listed technical specifications are:....location rs9785956.....forward primer is TTTCTGCTCCAAATCTGCTG....reverse primer is CACCTGTAATCGGGAGGCTA....the mutation involves a change from A to G.[13] A high percentage of all tested European U1+ persons so far are positive for the subgroup in which the L13 or S13 SNP mutation is present.
The Haplogroup G Project has indicated among its large G collection that likely or proven G-L13 STR samples comprise the following percentages of available G samples in the following European countries [in descending order]: Germany, 16%.....Italy, 11%.....Netherlands, 10%.....France, 10%.....Poland, 9%.....Spain, 9%.....Ireland, 6%.....England, 5%.....Switzerland, 4%[14] A small, overwhelmingly English, subgroup of L13/S13 exists and is designated as L1263.
This was first identified at Family Tree DNA in summer, 2012, and represents a mutation from G to A at chromosome position 8111187.
The Haplogroup G Project has indicated among its large G collection that likely or proven STR samples from the DYS388=13 type, comprise the following percentages of available G samples in the following countries [in descending order]: Switzerland, 74%.....Spain, 60%.....France, 58%....Germany, 57%.....England, 54%....Ireland, 48%.....Netherlands, 45%.....Italy, 43%....Poland, 29%....India, 0%[14] The Polish percentage of DYS388=13 men is diminished solely because of the origins of a significant group of G2c men in that country.
The paucity of proven samples from outside Europe so far leaves open the possibility this DYS388 mutation originated in a European.
[18] This multi-value (multistep) mutation at STR marker DYS391 to the value of 7 from the original 10 is found in a group of Hispanic men.
This multi-value (multistep) mutation at STR marker DYS464a to the value of 9 is found so far only in Swiss and German men.
This small subgroup is composed of men whose ancestor mutated two values at STR marker DYS388 to 15.
The persons with this finding seem to report ancestral origins primarily in Cyprus based on current knowledge.
The men in this group form a distinctive cluster of persons with closely related STR marker values in addition to the DYS594 oddity.
This DYS594=12 subgroup has an unusually high percentage of Welsh surnames with the rest mostly of English ancestry based on available samples.
Persons within the DYS568=9 group who were tested for the marker GATA-A10 had values one or more higher than found in other haplogroup G subgroups.
Z1903 and Z724 were identified in 2011 in two samples in the 1000 Genomes Project, one from Utah in the United States and other from Beijing, China.
No Z1903 persons have so far been located in the Middle East or Anatolia region where haplogroup G can be unusually common.
The Jewish cluster does not seem to share a common ancestor with the non-Jewish men within the Current Era.
And the common ancestor of the Ashkenazi Z1903 men likely lived in the Middle Ages based on the small number of STR marker value difference seen among them.
This DYS439=9 subgroup is predominantly German, and the mutation is probably over 2,000 years old based on number of marker value differences in 67-marker STR samples.
The Haplogroup G Project has indicated among its large G collection that likely or proven DYS568=9 samples comprise the following percentages of available G samples in the following countries [in descending order]: Ireland, 12%.....England, 9%.....Netherlands, 5%.....Poland, 5%.....Italy, 4%.....Germany, 3%.....Spain, 3%.....France, 2%[14] Within the Z724 subgroup is a subgroup of G-L640+.