In human genetics, Haplogroup G (M201) is a Y-chromosome haplogroupNone of the sampling done by research studies shown here would qualify as true random sampling, and thus any percentages of haplogroup G provided country by country are only rough approximations of what would be found in the full population.
[3] Of 147 samples from among Egyptians in Egypt (2004), 9% were G.[4] And in a 2009 study, among 116 Egyptians, 6.9% were G.[5] In a study of 35 samples from oasis el-Hayez in the western Egyptian desert area, none were G.[6] A survey of the population of Libya based on testing of SNPs is lacking, but a close approximation for the population in Tripoli in the western part of the country based on the STR markers of 63 samples from there in the YHRD database[7] indicates 7.9% are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
A study of 20 Moroccan Jews found 30% were G.[9] The tested men were then apparently living in Israel.
[19] In 916 samples in a 2008 study from Lebanon, 6% were G.[20] Among 322 samples from Lebanon in a 2010 study, 7.7% were G. Within the religious groups, 7.1% of 195 Catholic Maronites were G, 29.4% of 17 Greek Catholics, 5% of 60 Greek Orthodox, 7.6% of 26 Sunni Muslims, 6.2% of 16 Shiite Muslims and 0% of 9 Druze men.
[21] In 29 samples from a 2008 study among the Druze in Lebanon, none were G in contrast to significant percentages of G among them in Syria and Israel.
Another 2011 study[39] found among 58 Abkhazians that 12% were G2a1a (P18), 21% were G2a3b1 (P303) and 24% other G2a (P15) In a study of Jewish men, 4.8% of 62 Jewish men from Georgia were haplogroup G.[15] The G concentrations at Alagir and Digora represent the highest reported concentrations of G in any locale in the world.
The reported high G concentration among the Shapsugs of the far northwestern Caucasus represents the highest percentage of G among any group worldwide.
This is the highest percentage of G in a single population in the world – slightly higher than among the Madjars of Kazakhstan.
Note: The study by Yunusbaev (2006) showed the tiny population of Northeast Caucasian language family Andic-speaking Chamalal to be 19% (N=5/27) G2a-P15, and all of this was an unknown sub-clade of G2a-P15 listed as "G2c" (currently classified as G2b) which was not defined in 2006 when this study was conducted (no SNP testing was done for true G2b-M377).
[47] A 2007 study that concentrated on the Mang of Yunnan Province in southern China found no G among 65 samples.
No G was found among Tu, Xibo, Mongolian, Tataer, Uighur, Yugu, Kirghiz, Russ, Dongxiang, Bao'an and Salar persons.
No G at all found among Hui elsewhere or in Tibet (262 samples) or among the Xibe, Hazak, Evenks, Bulang, Wa, Jing, Dai, Zhuang, Dong, Mulao, Buyi, Li, Maonan, Shui, Gelao, Miao, Yao, She, Bai, Hani, Jingpo, Lahu, Lisu Naxi, Yi, Tujia, Hui, Man or Kyrgyz men sampled at various locations.
[51] In a newer genetic study, Y-DNA G-M201 was found in the genes of a few Han Chinese individuals from Ningxia province and Beijing.
[55] A 2006 study that sampled 1074 men within 77 diverse Indian populations found only one man in central India who was G.[56] Another study from 2009 found in 560 samples from northern India that 4% were G.[57] The authors found no G among 96 Bhargavas or 88 Chaturvedis (both Brahmins), but 1.7% of 118 other Brahmins, 9.7% of 154 Shia and 5.8% of 104 Sunni samples were G. In a 2003 study of 286 men belonging to two tribal groups of Andhra Pradesh in southern India, as well as five caste groups from various parts of India, only one man in West Bengal was G.[58] In a 2006 study of 728 Indian samples taken from among 36 populations and 18 castes, 1.2% were G. These were all G2a (P15+) men.
A study of the Kazakh Madzhars (Madjars) in the Torgay area of Kazakhstan, 86.7% of 45 samples were G. This is the highest concentration of G reported anywhere in the world so far.
The Argyns, who were previously known as the Basmyl, were first documented in the 6th century, residing in what is now the Xinjiang region of China.
[59] In a large study of Northern Island Melanesia within Papua New Guinea (2006) none of 685 samples was G.[71] Most of these were Papuan-speaking persons.
In another study among 69 samples in Bosnia, 4.4% were G, and according to Serbian DNA Project in Herzegovina is high point of G2a haplogroup.
[8] There are several additional samples that might be G. A survey of the general population of Estonia based on testing of SNPs is lacking, but an approximation based on the STR markers of 133 samples from Tartu in the YHRD database[7] indicates none are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
[8] And in 99 similar samples from Strasbourg in the far northeast, 4% (n=4) are G. A 2006 study of the Finistère area at the tip of Brittany in western France, less than 1.2% of men were G and were found only in the port towns.
In another Sardinian study confined to towns in the northern sector of the island, 14% of 100 samples were all found to be G2a (P15+) based only on a probability calculation.
A study that focused on the northeastern coast of Italy south of Venice, found among 163 samples that 8.6% were G.[96] A study that concentrated on 19 upland areas in the Marches region of central Italy found 7.4% G among 162 samples.
A 2011 study found 10% of 40 Albanian-speaking Arbëreshë men in Calabria, Italy were G. [99] Among 113 samples taken among Albanians in Kosovo, none were G.[79] A survey of the general population of Latvia based on testing of SNPs is lacking, but an approximation based on the STR markers of 145 samples from Riga in the YHRD database[7] indicates none are definitively G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
[8] Several samples are possibly G. A survey of the general population of Lithuania based on testing of SNPs is lacking, but an approximation based on the STR markers of 157 samples from Vilnius in the YHRD database[7] indicates 1.3% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
[89] In a more general survey of the Romanian population based on 102 samples of STR markers in the YHRD database[7] 2.0% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
[35] Among 24 samples taken in the northeastern corner of Spain in a 2003 study, 8.3% were G.[85] In a larger 2008 study covering about 600 mainland Spanish samples outside the Basque area, the average was about 5% G with the highest percentage recorded in Castilla-La Mancha (10%), and the lowest in parts of Andalusia and Castile (3%).
[84] In a 2009 study, which totaled 883 Swedish samples, no G was found in the regions of Norrland in the north and Götaland on the southern end.
While specific Svealand locations were typically 0–1% G, Uppsala on the east central coast showed 12.1% but based on only 33 samples.
An approximation of SNP results based on the STR markers of 183 samples from Kyiv in the YHRD database[7] indicates 1.1% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.
[115] In a study of 48 Apalai men from the Amazon in Brazil none were G.[116] In a 2015 study, they investigated a set of 41 Y-SNPs in 1217 unrelated males from the five Brazilian geopolitical regions, aiming to disclose the genetic structure of male lineages in the country.