[12] Ancient J-M410, specifically subclade J-Y12379*, has been found, in a mesolithic context, in a tooth from the Kotias Klde Cave in western Georgia from the Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old) and the Mesolithic (9,700 years old) [29] This sample has been assigned to the Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) autosomal component.

[30] J-M410, more specifically its subclade J-PF5008, has also been found in a mesolithic sample from the Hotu and Kamarband Caves located in Mazandaran Province of Iran, dating back to 9,100-8,600 B.C.E (approximately 11,000 ybp).

It is likely that J2 men had settled over most of Anatolia, the South Caucasus and the Zagros mountains by the end of the Last Glaciation 12,000 years ago.

[32] Zalloua & Wells (2004) and Al-Zahery et al. (2003) claimed to have uncovered the earliest known migration of J2, expanded possibly from Anatolia and the Caucasus.

Di Giacomo et al. (2004) postulated that J-M172 haplogroup spread into Southern Europe from either the Levant or Anatolia, likely parallel to the development of agriculture.

[2] As to the timing of its spread into Europe, Di Giacomo et al. points to events which post-date the Neolithic, in particular the demographic floruit associated with the rise of the Ancient Greek world.

Like Di Giacomo et al., the Bronze Age southern Balkans was suggested by Semino et al. to have been an important vector of spread.

[12] Haplogroup J-M172 is found mainly in the Fertile Crescent, the Caucasus,[36] Anatolia, Italy, the Mediterranean littoral, and the Iranian plateau.

[3] More specifically it is found in Iraq,[6] Kuwait,[6] Syria,[37] Lebanon,[38] Turkey,[13] Georgia,[36] Azerbaijan,[2] North Caucasus,[17] Armenia,[4] Iran,[17] Israel,[12] Palestine,[12] Cyprus,[16] Greece,[10] Albania,[14] Italy,[22] Spain,[39] and more frequently in Iraqis 24%,[5] Chechens 51.0%-58.0%,[3] Georgians 21%-72%,[4] Lebanese 30%,[12] Ossetians 24%,[17] Balkars 24%,[21] Syrians 23%,[37] Turks 13%[13]-40%,[14] Cypriots 12.9%[8]-37%,[16] Armenians 21%[4]-24%,[17] Circassians 21.8%,[3] Bahrainis 27.6%,[18] Iranians 10%[17]-25%,[4] Albanians 16%,[14][21] Italians 9%-36%,[22] Sephardi Jews 15%[11]-29%,[12] Maltese 21%,[16] Palestinians 17%,[12] Saudis 14%,[40] Jordanians 14%, Omanis 10%-15%,[2][37] and North Indian Shia Muslim 18%.

[41] J-M172 is found at moderate frequencies among Central Asian people such as Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kazakhs, and Yaghnobis.

In 2015, two ancient samples belonging to J-M172 or J-M410 (J2a) were found at two different archaeological sites in Altai, eastern Russia: Kytmanovo and Sary-bel kurgan.

[46] J-M172 is found at very high frequencies in certain peoples of the Caucasus: among the Ingush 87.4%,[3] Chechens 55.2%,[3] Georgians 21%-72%,[4] Azeris 24%[2]-48%,[4] Abkhaz 25%,[17] Balkars 24%,[21] Ossetians 24%,[17] Armenians 21%[4]-24%,[17] Adyghe 21.8%,[3] and other groups.

Among the Austro-Asiatic tribals, the predominant J2 occurs in the Asur tribe (77.5%) albeit with a sample size of 40[50] and in the Lodha (35%) of West Bengal.

[63] J-M47 is found with low frequency in Georgia,[21] southern Iran,[64] Qatar,[65] Saudi Arabia,[40] Syria,[2] Tunisia,[66] Turkey,[2][13] United Arab Emirates,[65] and Central Asia/Siberia.

[2][12] J-M92/M260, a subclade of J-M67, has been observed in 25.64% (10/39) of a sample of Keriyan Uyghurs from Darya Boyi Village of Yutian (Keriya) County, Xinjiang.

[24] J-M158 (location under L24 uncertain) J-M158 is found with low frequency in Turkey,[13] South Asia,[67][68] Indochina,[67] and Iberian Peninsula.

The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet et al. (2008) and subsequently updated.

A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center in Houston, Texas.

[73] Note that the descent-based identifiers may be subject to change, as new SNPs are discovered that augment and further refine the tree.