Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia

[2] It is home to a vast array of people who belong to diverse ethnic groups, who migrated to the region during different periods of time.

[4] The major paternal lineages of South Asian populations, represented by Y chromosomes, are haplogroups R1a1, R2, H, L, and J2,[5] as well as O-M175 in some parts (northeastern region) of the Indian subcontinent.

[9] The spread of R1a1 in Indian subcontinent is associated with Indo-Aryan migrations into the region from South Central Asia that occurred around 3,500-4,000 years before present.

[8] The Haplogroup H (also known as the "Indian marker"[4]), which is a direct descendant of the Upper Paleolithic Eurasian Haplogroup HIJK, is mostly restricted to South Asian populations of the Indian subcontinent,[4] in addition to some populations of South Central Asia and eastern Iranian Plateau, where it is found in low frequencies.

[4] The Haplogroup L, which is thought to have originated near Pamir Mountains of present-day Tajikistan in South Central Asia,[4] travelled throughout Indian subcontinent during the Neolithic period, and it is associated with the spread of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in South Asia, which existed around 3,300-5,300 years before present.

[6] Listed below are some notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on various relevant studies.