It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Lüneburg, Heidekreis, Rotenburg (Wümme) and Stade, by the City of Hamburg and the State of Schleswig-Holstein (District of Lauenburg).

The District of Harburg remained with the State of Prussia and retained its autonomy.

The lion was the heraldic animal of the Welfen family and the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, to which the region belonged before it became part of Prussia.

The key is from the arms of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, to which western parts of the district belonged earlier.

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