Fighting the following battles: Guru Hargobind (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਗੋਬਿੰਦ, pronunciation: [gʊɾuː ɦəɾᵊgoːbɪn̯d̯ᵊ]l 19 June 1595 – 28 February 1644) was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
[2] Guru Hargobind introduced the process of militarization to Sikhism, likely as a response to his father's execution and to protect the Sikh community.
[3][4] He symbolized it by wearing two swords, representing the dual concept of mīrī and pīrī (temporal power and spiritual authority).
The Akal Takht represents the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa (the collective body of the Sikhs) today.
[6] The first poisoning attempt involved Karmo dispatching her personal nurse to pretend to be interested in looking after the child Hargobind.
[6] Guru Hargobind studied religious texts with Bhai Gurdas and was trained in swordsmanship and archery by Baba Budda.
[6] Hargobind spent a good deal of his early years engrossed in hymns being sung at the Harmandir Sahib complex in Amritsar.
[15] Hardip Singh Syan explains that Guru Hargobind was able to push for these changes as he became a "patrimonial-feudal lord" by offering his followers and devotees both spiritual liberation (mukti) and employment (naukari).
[19] Persian records, such as Dabestan-e Mazaheb suggest he was kept in jail for twelve years, including over 1617–1619 in Gwalior, after which he and his camp were kept under Muslim army's surveillance by Jahangir.
Another theory states that Jahangir discovered the circumstances and felt that Guru Hargobind was harmless, so he ordered his release.
[18][19][21] According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 rajas (kings) who were imprisoned in the fort as hostages for "millions of rupees" and for opposing the Mughal empire were dismayed as they were losing a spiritual mentor.
[27] In 1628, Shah Jahan's hunting party plundered some of Guru Hargobind's property, which triggered the first armed conflict.
[30] The Guru anticipated the return of a more significant Mughal force, so retreated into Shivalik Hills to strengthen his defenses and army, with a base in Kiratpur where he continued to stay till his death.
Shah Jahan attempted political means to undermine the Sikh tradition by dividing and influencing the succession.
According to Sikh tradition based on an old Punjabi manuscript Panjah Sakhian, Samarth Ramdas met Guru Hargobind at Srinagar in the Garhval hills.
"I had heard that you occupied the Gaddi of Guru Nanak", said the Maratha saint Ramdas, and asked what sort of sadhu was he.
[34] Guru Hargobind's reforms also had an impact on the Minas, a sect that rose to become a major opponent of the mainstream lineage of Sikh gurus.
[15] Prior to Guru Hargobind's reign, the Mina literature emulated the writings and appearances of the previous five gurus in-style, whilst portraying themselves as spiritually superior.
[15] The animated Punjabi movie Dastaan-E-Miri Piri is about Guru Hargobind and his contribution to the Sikh faith and community.
[36] The life story and teachings of Guru Hargobind influenced the 2023 season theme and artwork of the Dallas Cowboys football team.