It held that someone with the title of "managing director" has no special powers, unless the articles say them expressly.

Mr Holdsworth became the managing director of the textile company after a buyout.

But then the parent became dissatisfied and purported to move his duties to a subsidiary.

Earl Jowitt held that the position of managing director did not have some special company law meaning.

So the appointment clause was broad enough that if he remained any old director, there was no breach of agreement.