In the Rigveda and in the Atharvaveda, the term is translated as 'elephant' (according to Keith and Macdonell, Roth and other scholars).
[3] Other scholars like Pischel and Karl Friedrich Geldner translate the term as 'elephant'.
[4] According to Sayana,[4] Mahidhara[4] and the Nirukta,[4] ibha is translated as 'elephant'.
According to Macdonell and Keith, Varana refers to elephants.
[7] The Akananuru (27) and the Purananuru (389) state that elephants were raised and trained in ancient Tamilagam's northern boundary of Venkatam hills, Tirupati.