[2]: p.108 The typical detailed word order is given by the following,[1]: p.19 with most items optional: If the sentence has a negative mood and the subject is a pronoun, word order is subject–verb–object following the negator ʻaʻole, as in: ʻaʻolenotʻo iaheeFUTUREpukagraduateanaSINGLE.EVENTʻaʻole {ʻo ia} e puka ananot he FUTURE graduate SINGLE.EVENT"He won't graduate"Another exception is when an emphatic adverbial phrase begins the sentence.
[1]: p.29 Yes–no questions can be unmarked and expressed by intonation,[3]: p.32 or they can be marked by placing anei after the leading word of the sentence.
[1]: p.23 Examples of question-word questions include: HeINDEFINITEahaWhatkēia?this?He aha kēia?INDEFINITE What this?
As Hawaiian does not particularly discern between word types, any verb can be nominalized by preceding it with the definite article.
Specific categories for o-class nouns include: modes of transportation (e.g. kaʻa "car" and lio "horse"), things that you can go into, sit on or wear (e.g., lumi "room", noho "chair", ʻeke "bag", and lole "clothes"), and people in your generation (e.g., siblings, cousins) and previous generations (e.g. makuahine "mother").
Specific categories include: your boyfriend or girlfriend (ipo), spouse, friends, and future generations in your line (all of your descendants).
Separate verb markers are used in relative clauses, after the negation word ʻaʻole, and in some other situations.
[2] The marker ala/lā implies greater spatial or temporal distance from the speaker than nei or ana.
Alexander[1] proposed that Hawaiian has a pluperfect tense as follows: However, this is debatable since ʻē simply means "beforehand, in advance, already".
All equative sentences in Hawaiian are zero-tense/mood (i.e., they cannot be modified by verbal markers, particles or adverbs).
ʻO marks the third person singular pronoun ia (which means "he/she/it") and all proper nouns.
The pattern is "Aia (ʻo) A..." Pepeke ʻAike Na is the name of the simple equative sentence "A belongs to B."
Other post-verbal markers include[5]: pp.228–231 Causative verbs can be created from nouns and adjectives by using the prefix ho'o-, as illustrated in the following:[3]: p.24 Reduplication[3]: p.23 can emphasize or otherwise alter the meaning of a word.