Health in Bangladesh
Hospitals in Bangladesh play a vital role in the country's healthcare system, providing essential medical services to the population.
With a growing emphasis on improving healthcare infrastructure, Bangladesh has made significant progress in expanding access to hospital facilities across the country.
[15] An expanded immunization program against nine major diseases (TB, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type B, measles, rubella) was undertaken for implementation.
The NTP adopted DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy during the fourth Population and Health Plan (1992-1998) and implemented it at field level in November 1993.
Unfortunately to attain that emerging health problem, the current capacity in the country to diagnose and treat diabetic retinopathy is very limited to a few centers.
[27][28][29] Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a combination of inflammatory and degenerative conditions that influence the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints or peripheral nerves, normally leading to aches, pains or discomfort.
Moreover, work breaks, working under pressure or with deadlines, poor job design, job insecurity, and lack of social support from colleagues and supervisors are directly related to stress, and that stress can appear in increased muscle tension and other stress-related differences to the body, making workers more vulnerable to developing MSDs.
Rapid urbanization, transition to sedentary work, weight gain; domestic and professional activities in banding posture may be responsible for the higher prevalence of low back pain in Bangladesh.
Furthermore, developing an effective and efficient prevention strategy requires, risk assessment process and implementation of technical, organizational, and person-oriented measures.
[37] According to WHO, "mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
The twin problems of environmental sanitation are lack of safe drinking water in many areas of the country and preventive methods of excreta disposal.
Malnutrition results from the convergence of poverty, inequitable food distribution, disease, illiteracy, rapid population growth and environmental risks, compounded by cultural and social inequities.
People do not have working facilities all year round and they are unable to afford the minimum cost of a nutritious diet due to the unsteady income.
[57] Undernourished mothers often give birth to infants who will have difficulty with development, pertaining to health problems such as wasting, stunting, underweight, anaemia, night blindness and iodine deficiency.
UNICEF together with the government of Bangladesh and many other NGOs such as Helen Keller International, focus on improving the nutritional access of the population throughout their life-cycle from infants to the child-bearing mother.
[67] The major causes of under-5 child mortality were preterm birth 18%, intrapartum 13.8%, pneumonia 13.5%, sepsis 11%, congenital 9.1%, injury 7.9%, diarrhoea 7.1%, measles 1.9% and other 15.9%.
Infant mortality in Bangladesh is also lower for the urban population as well as for higher economic classes (which have greater access to health services).
A number of interventions have taken to address this issue, including the distribution of iron supplements and deworming tablets every 6 months till 5 years of age.
[61] Union Ward Union Health and Family Welfare Centres Community Clinic In following decades, Bangladesh government's policy concentrated on reduction of population growth; policy perceived that a consistent maternal and child health based family planning programme would help to achieve development goals.
The following seven strategies were included in the HPSP (MOHFW, 1998): 1) Focus on Emergency Obstetric Care for reducing maternal mortality, 2) Provision of Essential Obstetric Care/Basic maternity care services for promotion of "good practices" including early detection and appropriate referral of complications 3) Addressing the needs of women through a woman friendly hospital initiative 4) Communication for behaver change and development 5) Involvement of professional bodies 6) Stakeholder participation 7) Promotion of innovation.
The women reported that they do not visit the factory doctor for an ante-natal check-up when they first suspect that they are pregnant because they feel they need to hide their pregnancy from their supervisors.
The use is prevalent among men, younger age groups, labourers, salaried government and nongovernment employees and businessmen, current smokers and those with a minimal educational background.
[83] Previously Bangladesh had no adequate and enabling law to handle the condition created by drug abuse and the related issues.The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh enacted the Narcotics Control Act in 1990 annulling all the colonial laws with a view to encountering drug problem true to the aspiration of the society.
On a global scale, Bangladesh has a higher overall prevalence of NTDs compared to other low and middle income countries like Sri Lanka, Haiti, China due to its larger population, tropical climate and socio economic factors.
[87] Since then, CHIKV has been reported to cause several large-scale outbreaks in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific and Americas.
[89] Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female mosquitoes which breed in clean water collections in containers, tanks, disposables, junk material in domestic and peri-domestic situations besides natural habitats like tree holes, plantations etc.
Treatment is directed primarily at relieving the symptoms, including the joint pain using anti-pyretics, optimal analgesics and fluids.
[87] In Bangladesh, the first recognized outbreak of Chikungunya was reported in 2008 in two villages in the northwest part of the country adjacent to Indian border.
[92] A recent research study (1326 cases) was conducted (between 24 July and 5 August 2017) to investigate the clinical profiles, economic burden, and quality of life of Chikungunya affected individuals.
Pain, the most frequent clinical manifestation of Chikungunya, is difficult to control, compromising the quality of life, intense psychosocial and economic repercussions, causing a serious public health problem that requires a targeted approach.
