The NHIS is currently serves people in both the formal and informal employment sectors and seeks to increase access to healthcare for all Ghanaians.

[2] Ashanti physicians applied herbal decoctions to cure sprains, constipation, veneral diseases, external inflammation, boils and acute diarrhoea.

[7] Public Health workers would conduct inspections in workplaces to evaluate cleanliness to ensure that all citizens were living and working in environments that promoted preventative care.

[8] By 1981, health services had dramatically declined to the extent that hospitals lacked basic supplies, while healthcare workers left the country in hordes.

With the World Bank and International Monetary Fund pressing the government to cut public spending through structural adjustment programs, the new regime passed the Hospital Fees Regulation in 1985 which resulted in greater out of pocket fees with the aim to be able to finance the drugs and resources the healthcare system needed.

According to a number of empirical studies, this excluded many individuals from public healthcare who could not afford to pay these fees resulting in many Ghanaians belonging to the lower and middle classes to be dissatisfied with the cash-and-carry system and the structural adjustment programs lead the Ghanaian expenditure on healthcare to decrease from 10% in 1983 to 1.3% by 1997.

Despite exemptions expansions and infrastructure that increased access to healthcare, out of pocket fees remained a huge barrier.

[8] The National Health Insurance Scheme was viewed as a solution to addressing user fees and making healthcare accessible, for which political advocacy, leadership, and commitment were necessary.

[12] Zipline began the Ghana Drone Delivery Service in April 2019 to deliver vaccines, blood, plasma, and drugs to remote areas.

The plan is that health workers will receive deliveries via a parachute drop within about 30 minutes of placing their orders by text message.

[17] Even in cases when patients had been brought into the hospital on emergencies, it was required that money was paid at every point of service delivery.

When the country returned to democratic rule in 1992, its health care sector started seeing improvements in terms of: The current NHIS operates under the one-time premium policy, where people make one payment for a lifetime of healthcare.

The one-time premium policy was used as a way to increase access to healthcare services to those “outside formal sector employment”, allowing taxi drivers, street vendors, etc.

[18] In addition, the actual act of collecting premiums from the informal employment sector can be costly and there has been allegations of fraud on the part of the official collectors.

Nearly all women (98%) aged 15–49 who had live births or stillbirths in the five years before the survey in 2017 received antenatal care (ANC) from a skilled provider (doctor, nurse/midwife, or community health officer/nurse).

Organizations within Ghana work to target STI prevention, such as the Planned Parenthood Association that offers a comprehensive sexuality education manual for young people.

The latest Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey shows that about 13% of children below age 5 years are underweight, 23% are stunted, and 6% are wasted.

In the country's capital, Greater Accra Region (GAR), underweight is found among 8.3% of children 0–5 years while 13.7% and 5.4% are stunted and wasted respectively.

[35] In the Ashanti Region where the capital is Kumasi, The current rate of exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age is an estimated 13.9%.

The Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) component of the CWC is focused on empowering mothers to know about and become competent to practice appropriate child care, feeding, and health seeking.

[35]NGO involvement Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing the challenges of Ghana's healthcare system, particularly in areas underserved by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

NGOs focus on empowering local leaders and ensuring community-driven initiatives aimed at achieving health equity and social justice.

Despite operating on the margins of the central system, these organizations complement government efforts by filling gaps in funding, capacity, and implementation, making significant contributions to sustainable health improvements across Ghana.