Hekmat

[1][2] Founded and managed by the Iranian expatriate Mohammad-Mahdi Tabrizi (died 1914), a physician by profession, it was published from 20 September 1892 until 30 May 1911.

[2][1] With prose described as being "among the best of its time", Hekmat was known to be supportive of introducing modern science into Iran,[1][2] and was a defender of Shia Islam in the country.

[1] In the first three years of publication, some issues of Hekmat also featured contemporary Arabic poetry,[1] as well as Persian translations of works by Egyptian writers.

[2] At one point, during the early years of publication, the price was raised to fifty, but this was reduced relatively quickly due to subscriber dissatisfaction.

[2] In the final years of publication, the subscription costs of Hekmat were one pound sterling in Egypt, Europe, the United States and China, while in British India it became fifteen rupees.

[2] Though little information is available concerning its press run, the existence of the paper in an extensive number of private libraries show that Hekmat was widely read.