[1] It is found in the south-western Amazon basin, from Brazil to Peru and Bolivia.

The larvae are gregarious and feed on species in the Passiflora subgenera Astrophea and Mitostemma.

Adult H. eratosignis are distinguished morphologically from their sister species Heliconius demeter because they lack a yellow streak on the base of the forewing costa underside;[2] in contrast, H. eratosignis has a solid orange basal costal margin on the underside of the forewing.

Keith S. Brown and Woodruff W. Benson in 1975 argued the two forms were the same species, but recorded both H. eratosignis gregarious and H. demeter solitary larvae in their paper.

[3] The Tree of Life Web Project has yet to recognize H. eratosignis as a separate species, but shows an image of a male Heliconius eratosignis from Peru under the description of H.