Henochilus wheatlandii is a species of characin endemic to Brazil where native to the Mucuri and Doce River basins.

[2] It is a Critically Endangered species, and now restricted to the Santo Antônio River, a tributary of the Doce River.

It is a critically endangered species, and had been considered extinct for more than a century, until rediscovered in 1996.

[5] It can reach up to 41.3 cm (16.3 in) in standard length.

[2] The fish is named in honor of Henry Wheatland (1812–1893), who was President of the Essex Institute in Salem, Mass., USA, which published the description of the fish.