Back in South Carolina, he served as president of the provincial congress and senator in the newly created state government.

Henry Middleton was born in 1717 on the family plantation, "The Oaks", near Charleston, Province of South Carolina.

[2] After Middleton's return to South Carolina, he was elected president of the provincial congress and, beginning on November 16, 1775, served on the council of safety.

[7] This reversal apparently did not damage his reputation in the long run, because of his previous support of the Revolution, and he did not suffer the fate of having his estates confiscated, as many Loyalists did after the war.

[8] Together, Henry and Mary were the parents of five sons and seven daughters, seven of whom survived to adulthood, including:[2] After his wife's death in 1761, Middleton would go on to marry twice more.

[7] His second wife's sister, Charlotta (née Bull) Drayton, was the mother of Continental Congressman William Henry Drayton, and her brother, William Bull II, served as governor of South Carolina before leaving the colony in 1782 when British troops were evacuated at the end of the War.

[7] After his second wife's death in 1772, he married for the third time, although it was her fourth marriage, to Lady Mary McKenzie,[2] the daughter of George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie, in 1776.