Henry Rapoport (November 16, 1918 – March 6, 2002) was an internationally renowned organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.

He is widely recognized for his work in the development of the chemical synthesis of biologically important compounds and pharmaceuticals.

He was particularly noted for the total synthesis of heterocyclic drugs and natural products, including porphyrins, camptothecin, saxitoxin, psoralens, antibiotics, antitumor compounds, and opium alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and hydromorphone.

In his honor, UC Berkeley has established the Henry Rapoport Endowed Chair in Organic Chemistry, currently held by John F. Hartwig.

Daniel E. Levy dedicated his book Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry: An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms to Henry Rapoport.