Hentaigana

The 1900 standard included the hiragana ゐ, ゑ, and を, which historically stood for the phonetically distinct moras /wi/, /we/, and /wo/ but are currently pronounced as /i/, /e/, and /o/, identically to い, え, and お.

Katakana's choices of man'yōgana segments had stabilized early on and established – with few exceptions – an unambiguous phonemic orthography (one symbol per sound) long before the 1900 script regularization.

[8] Before the proposal which led to the inclusion of hentaigana in Unicode 10.0, they were already standardized into a list by Mojikiban, part of the Japanese Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA).

[9] 𛀅(惡) 𛀃(愛) 𛀄(阿) 𛀇(伊) 𛀈(意) 𛀉(移) 𛀋(宇) 𛀌(憂) 𛀍(有) 𛀎(雲) 𛀏(盈) 𛀐(縁) 𛀑(衣) 𛀒(衣) 𛀓(要) 𛀕(於) 𛀖(隱) 𛀘(加) 𛀙(可) 𛀚(可) 𛀛(嘉) 𛀢(家) 𛀜(我) 𛀝(歟) 𛀞(賀) 𛀟(閑) 𛀠(香) 𛀡(駕) 𛀤(幾) 𛀥(幾) 𛀦(支) 𛀻(期) 𛀧(木) 𛀨(祈) 𛀩(貴) 𛀪(起) 𛀬(久) 𛀭(九) 𛀮(供) 𛀯(倶) 𛀰(具) 𛀱(求) 𛀲(介) 𛀢(家) 𛀴(希) 𛀵(氣) 𛀶(計) 𛀷(遣) 𛂘(子) 𛀹(故) 𛀻(期) 𛀺(許) 𛀽(佐) 𛀾(佐) 𛀿(左) 𛁀(差) 𛁁(散) 𛁂(斜) 𛁃(沙) 𛁅(之) 𛁆(事) 𛁇(四) 𛁈(志) 𛁉(新) 𛁋(壽) 𛁌(數) 𛁍(數) 𛁎(春) 𛁏(春) 𛁐(須) 𛁑(須) 𛁓(世) 𛁔(世) 𛁕(勢) 𛁖(聲) 𛁘(所) 𛁙(曾) 𛁚(曾) 𛁛(楚) 𛁜(蘇) 𛁝(處) 𛁟(多) 𛁠(多) 𛁡(當) 𛁣(地) 𛁤(智) 𛁥(知) 𛁦(知) 𛁧(致) 𛁨(遲) 𛁪(川) 𛁫(津) 𛁬(都) 𛁭(徒) 𛁯(低) 𛁰(傳) 𛁱(天) 𛁲(天) 𛁳(天) 𛁴(帝) 𛁵(弖) 𛁶(轉) 𛂎(而) 𛁸(度) 𛁹(東) 𛁺(登) 𛁻(登) 𛁼(砥) 𛁽(等) 𛁭(徒) 𛁿(名) 𛂀(奈) 𛂁(奈) 𛂂(奈) 𛂃(菜) 𛂄(那) 𛂅(那) 𛂆(難) 𛂈(二) 𛂉(仁) 𛂊(兒) 𛂋(爾) 𛂌(爾) 𛂍(耳) 𛂎(而) 𛂐(奴) 𛂑(怒) 𛂓(年) 𛂔(年) 𛂕(根) 𛂖(熱) 𛂗(禰) 𛂘(子) 𛂚(濃) 𛂛(能) 𛂜(能) 𛂝(農) 𛂟(半) 𛂠(婆) 𛂡(波) 𛂢(盤) 𛂣(盤) 𛂤(破) 𛂥(者) 𛂦(者) 𛂧(葉) 𛂨(頗) 𛂪(日) 𛂫(比) 𛂬(避) 𛂭(非) 𛂮(飛) 𛂯(飛) 𛂱(婦) 𛂲(布) 𛂴(弊) 𛂵(弊) 𛂶(遍) 𛂷(邊) 𛂸(邊) 𛂹(部) 𛂻(保) 𛂼(報) 𛂽(奉) 𛂾(寶) 𛂿(本) 𛃀(本) 𛃁(豊) 𛃃(末) 𛃄(末) 𛃅(滿) 𛃆(滿) 𛃇(萬) 𛃈(麻) 𛃖(馬) 𛃊(微) 𛃋(美) 𛃌(美) 𛃍(美) 𛃎(見) 𛃏(身) 𛃑(無) 𛃒(牟) 𛃓(舞) 𛄝(无) 𛄞(无) 𛃕(面) 𛃖(馬) 𛃘(毛) 𛃙(毛) 𛃚(毛) 𛃛(茂) 𛃜(裳) 𛄝(无) 𛄞(无) 𛃞(也) 𛃟(屋) 𛃠(耶) 𛃡(耶) 𛃢(夜) 𛃤(由) 𛃥(由) 𛃦(遊) 𛃨(余) 𛃩(與) 𛃪(與) 𛃫(與) 𛃬(餘) 𛃢(夜) 𛃮(良) 𛃯(良) 𛃰(良) 𛁽(等) 𛃲(利) 𛃳(李) 𛃴(梨) 𛃵(理) 𛃶(里) 𛃷(離) 𛃹(留) 𛃺(留) 𛃻(留) 𛃼(累) 𛃽(類) 𛃿(礼) 𛄀(連) 𛄁(麗) 𛄃(呂) 𛄄(婁) 𛄅(樓) 𛄆(路) 𛄇(露) 𛄉(和) 𛄊(和) 𛄋(王) 𛄌(王) 𛄎(井) 𛄏(居) 𛄐(爲) 𛄑(遺) 𛄓(衞) 𛄔(衞) 𛄕(衞) 𛄗(乎) 𛄘(尾) 𛄙(緒) 𛄚(越) 𛄛(遠) 𛄜(遠) 𛀅(惡) 𛄞(无) To view hentaigana, special fonts need to be installed that support Hentaigana such as The glyph for example Hiragana wu (𛄟) also needs a special font to display such as Hentaigana are adapted from the reduced and cursive forms of the following man’yōgana (kanji) characters.

For example, か, 𛁈 and 𛂦 may be used at the beginning of a word, while 𛀙, 𛁅 and 𛂡 may be used elsewhere, while 𛂞[b] was used extensively specifically for the topic particle.

Also, they are occasionally used in reproductions of classic Japanese texts, akin to blackletter in English and other Germanic languages to give an archaic flair.

[17] However, most Japanese people cannot read hentaigana nowadays, only recognizing a few from their common use in shop signs, or figuring them out from context.

Hentai iroha 47-ji (1886): an iroha kana syllabary written entirely in hentaigana
Comparison of the glyphs of hentaigana . From the left is the Meiji period, 1975, 2004 and 2017.
A soba restaurant: the sign reads " 𛁛𛂦゙ 𛂁𛀙゙𛄍 " namasoba nagawi . Written right-to-left, namasoba ( 𛁛𛂦゙ , equating to 生そば , "raw soba "), consists of the kanji nama followed by hentaigana derived from the kanji so and (with dakuten ) ba . The black vertical text nagawi ( 𛂁𛀙゙𛄍 , equating to ながゐ , the historical kana spelling of nagai ながい , "long visit"), consists of hentaigana derived from na , (with dakuten) ga and wi .