Hering's law of visual direction

Hering's law of visual direction describes the perceived visual direction of a point relative to an observer, a perception which is influenced by the facial anatomy of human beings.

Thus comes the question of where a point is perceived, relative to the observer, when seen with either eye alone or binocularly.

[1] Prior to Hering, both Alhazen (1021) [2] and Wells (1792) [3] addressed a similar questions but proposed slightly incorrect laws.

In the left eye a tree is seen behind the fixation through the window, appearing to be located on the right.

When both eyes look at the fixation point, the house and the tree will appear superimposed in the cyclopean image, however the perceived location of these two superimposed images will be straight ahead.

Hering's demonstration of his law of visual direction.
Hering's window demonstration of his law of visual direction. Both eyes fixate a point on the window. The right eye sees Captain Haddock's curses book behind the fixation, the left eye sees the French press behind the fixation point. With both eyes open and fixating the book and the French press appear superimposed and straight ahead.