Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case[1] involving the First Amendment that reaffirmed and clarified the imminent lawless action test first articulated in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969).

Hess is still cited by courts to protect speech threatening future lawless action.

[2] The case involved an antiwar protest on the campus of Indiana University Bloomington.

Hess was convicted in Indiana state court of disorderly conduct.

For similar reasons, Hess' speech also could not be considered "fighting words" under Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942).