High Victorian Gothic

[2] Promoted and derived from the works of the architect and theorist John Ruskin, though it eventually diverged, it is sometimes referred to as Ruskinian Gothic.

[4] The architectural scholar James Stevens Curl describes it thus: "Style of the somewhat harsh polychrome structures of the Gothic Revival in the 1850s and 1860s when Ruskin held sway as the arbiter of taste.

"[5] Among the best-known practitioners of the style were William Butterfield,[6] Sir Gilbert Scott,[7] G. E. Street,[8] and Alfred Waterhouse.

[10] The style began appearing in the United States, particularly New York, in the early 1860s with the work of English-born architects Frederick Clarke Withers, Jacob Wrey Mould, and Americans Edward Tuckerman Potter and Peter Bonnett Wight.

[11] By 1870, the style became popular nationwide for civic, commercial, and religious architecture, though was uncommon for residential structures.