Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Highland Township.

[4] Statewide, the only other Highland Township is located in Muskingum County.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[5] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Two significant highways in Highland Township are State Route 15, which travels from north to south through the western half of the township; and State Route 18, which travels from east to west on the eastern part of the township's border with Richland Township to the north.