Hindi–Urdu (Devanagari: हिन्दी-उर्दू, Nastaliq: ہندی-اردو) (also known as Hindustani)[1][2] is the lingua franca of modern-day Northern India and Pakistan (together classically known as Hindustan).
[8] For literary domains, a mere transliteration between Hindi-Urdu will not suffice as formal Hindi is more inclined towards Sanskrit vocabulary whereas formal Urdu is more inclined towards Persian and Arabic vocabulary; hence a system combining transliteration and translation would be necessary for such cases.
[10][11][12] Hindustani has a rich set of consonants in its full-alphabet, since it has a mixed-vocabulary (rekhta) derived from Old Hindi (from Dehlavi), with loanwords from Parsi (from Pahlavi) and Arabic languages, all of which itself are from 3 different language-families respectively: Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Semitic.
The following table provides an approximate one-to-one mapping for Hindi-Urdu consonants,[18] especially for computational purposes (lossless script conversion).
Note that this direct script conversion will not yield correct spellings,[19] but rather a readable text for both the readers.