[2] "Jain" is derived from the word Jina, referring to a human being who has conquered all inner passions (like anger, attachment, greed and pride) and possesses kevala jnana (pure infinite knowledge).
[10] According to Jain cosmology, the primary structure of the universe is eternal: it is neither created nor can it be destroyed, but undergoes continuous natural transformations within.
In Hinduism, Brahman is the unchanging ultimate reality and the single binding unity behind diversity in all that exists in the universe.
Hindus rejected this concept and believe that the God or the creator of this universe is karmaphaldata, and rewards the fruits of past actions to each individual.
[14] Jains and Hindus have opinion that violence in self-defence can be justified,[15] and they agree that a soldier who kills enemies in combat is performing a legitimate duty.
[23] The orthodox schools of Hinduism, such as Vedanta, Mimamsa and Samkhya, claim the Sruti do not have any author and hence are supreme to other religious scriptures.
Jain scriptures, on the contrary, were believed by them to be of human origin, brought through omniscient teachers, and hence claimed greater worth.
Kumarila Bhatta, a proponent of Mimamsa school, argued that the Vedas are the source of all knowledge and it is through them that humans can differentiate between right and wrong.
Jain monks, such as Haribhadra, held that humans are already in possession of all the knowledge, which only needs to be illuminated or uncovered in order to gain the status of omniscience.
"[32] In the Brahmottara-candam section of the Brahma Purana, the narrator Suta describes many matters relating to Shaivism and in the 16th portion, there is a story about Bhadrabahu receiving instructions in a mantra from a yogi named Rishabha.
The man and his followers initiated the Tripurasura brothers into their religion, abandoning the worship of the Hindu gods and traditional rites.
[36] Jainism is considered to be distinct and separate from Vedic religion and originated from Sramana or Arahata tradition.
[citation needed] In today's date, there are a lot of common aspects in social and cultural life of Hindus and Jains.
[44] The Jain code of conduct is quite similar to that which is found in Hindu Dharmasashtra, Manusmriti and other Law books of Brahmans.
[45] [45][46] The difference in the rituals of practitioners of the two religions would be that the Jains do not give any importance to bathing in holy water.
[45] According to religious scholar M. Whitney Kelting, some of the "names and narratives" in the Hindu's list of satis are also found in the Jain tradition.
"[55] In the Satyarth Prakash, he writes that he regarded Jainism as "the most dreadful religion",[56] and that Jains are "possessed of defective and childish understanding."
However, several scholars say that none of his claims have any solid foundation and that they are merely aggressive, negative, unexplained and devoid of context, and intolerant in nature.
[56][note 1] Prominent Svetambara Jain monk, Acharya Labdhisuri, wrote a scripture Dayananda Kutarka Timiratarani to refute these claims made by Dayanand Saraswati.
[59] Subhatavarman attacked Gujarat and plundered large number of Jain temples in Dabhoi and Cambay in 11th century.
[59] Inscriptions from the Srisailam area of Andhra Pradesh record the pride taken by Veerashaiva chiefs in beheading of shwetambar Jains.