It is located in the southwestern part of the municipality, with the Marlach river crossing the northern edge.

From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate was part of the French Republic (which became the Napoleonic Empire in 1804), Hochdorf was in the Canton of Mutterstadt [de].

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Hochdorf initially belonged to the Austrian Empire and then moved to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816.

After the Second World War, Hochdorf was part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the French occupation zone.

On June 7, 1969, during the course of the first regional reorganization [de] in Rhineland-Palatinate, Hochdorf was merged with the neighboring municipality of Assenheim, to form Hochdorf-Assenheim.