[1] Individuals suffering from complete horizontal gaze palsy cannot move either eye past the midline in a single direction.
[3] Lesions to both PPRF and MLF can result in a rare condition known as One and a half syndrome, where a patient will have complete loss of lateral movement in one eye as well as a unilateral horizontal gaze palsy.
[4] A common cause of horizontal gaze palsies are strokes involving pontine structures, abducens nerve, or the motor cortex.
[5] Horizontal gaze palsy has also been reported in cases of metastasis,[6] hemorrhage,[7] neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,[8] and multiple sclerosis.
Gaze palsies secondary to frontal lobe lesions can be temporarily relieved with rapid, passive horizontal head rotation, which also directly stimulates the sixth nerve nucleus through the vestibuloocular reflex.