Hosea Hartwell Moore (November 18, 1842 ― January 7, 1913) was an American medical doctor, farmer, and politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1891 to 1893.

After graduating McKendree in 1884, Moore moved to Wayne County, Illinois, and owned a large farm near Mount Erie.

Moore, along with Cockrell, ultimately defected from both Streeter and the Republican-proposed "compromise" candidate Cicero Lindly to their Democratic roots giving the election to John M. Palmer.

These defections irreparably damaged the reputation of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association and Moore was not reelected to the Illinois House.

Moore died at his home in Fairfield on January 7, 1913, where he lived with his wife Ellen and their daughter Eunice.