Hossein Ali Mirza (Persian: حسین‌علی میرزا, romanized: Ḥosayn-ʿAlī Mīrzā; 26 August 1789 – 16 January 1835), a son of Fath-Ali Shah (r. 1797–1834), was the Governor of Fars and pretender to the throne of Qajar Iran.

On the orders of Mohammad Shah, Ali Mirza was blinded and imprisoned in Ardabil, where he died of cholera in January 1835.

His mother was Badr Jahan Khanom, daughter of Qader Khan, amir of an Arab tribe settled in Bastam.

[3] The next vizier, Mohammad Nabi Khan, increased the price of bread in Shiraz; this led to a massive riot and an appeal by the rioters to a Shaykh al-Islām of Fars who issued a fatwa ordering the killing of Nabi Khan's most notorious extortioner, Mirza Hadi Fasai.

The revolt was calmed when Ali Mirza ordered the price of bread brought down, the bakers getting bastinadoed.

[3] Shortly afterwards, Hajji Mohammad Hossein Khan Amin al-Dowla, a Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (treasurer), came to Shiraz to investigate the provincial finances.

[6] In his 20s, Ali Mirza's authority increased, and he independently made an agreement with the East India Company, though he was less interested in governing[3] than playing chovgan (polo).

Shiraz was beset by high taxes, poor public safety, and fatwas from Ulama that caused a large amount of violence against Jews.

[3] Meanwhile, Ali Mirza increased his influence in the Persian Gulf; he was effectively independent from the government of Hajji Mohammad Hossein Isfahani and negotiated to rent Bushehr ports to the British.

[9] By 1830, discontent with his rule had weakened his authority, and the Khans of Dashtestan demanded more power in Fars and openly defied him.

The rebels were defeated by British troops, the khans lost all of their power, and Ali Mirza gained full control of Fars.

[15] In October 1834, Fath-Ali Shah died on his way to Fars to collect the 200,000 tomans tax arrears from Ali Mirza.

The public viewed Ali Mirza as a cruel and ruthless ruler, and his claim to the throne was not supported by tribal leaders or the people in his court.

[23] In the same year, he built an Iranian-style garden called Bāḡ-e Now, with cascades and waterspouts; the palace overlooked a large, octagonal reflecting pool.

[3] In 1831, with Fath-Ali Shah's approval, he commissioned an inscription in Achaemenid style depicting him seated with his sons gathered around him.

[25] Six of his children are known: Ali Mirza's realm included the three main mints of Iran: Yazd, Kerman, and Shiraz.