Hossein Towfigh

[2] He attended the Dar ul-Funun high school in Tehran which was the oldest institute of higher education in Iran, established by the Royal Vizier to Naser al-Din Shah in 1851.

[3] In 1969 he married Faranguis G. Taleghani, the great granddaughter of the former Commander in Chief of the Persian Army & four time prime minister Mohammad Vali Khan Khalatbari Tonekaboni.

The magazine's editorials with the signature of their mascot "Kaka Towfigh" included satirical articles on the desperate social situation such as rampant corruption, bureaucratic incompetence, poverty, inflation, unemployment, and daily injustices to the people.

[7] Its very strong and stinging criticisms were aimed at the ruling body and the parliamentarians of the majlis (parliament), National Council and the Senate.

[10] Agents of the SAVAK secret police continued to surveil the brothers as well as their printing headquarters, often prohibiting Towfigh from being released just minutes before its weekly distribution, causing grave financial harm to the publication.

Nonetheless, the last Shah of Iran remained an ardent reader of Towfigh, but was under severe pressure after weekly critiques of his policies for years, as stated in the memoirs of his late Prime Minister Asadollah Alam.

In his memoir published after his death, Alam writes "Despite it being the anniversary of the Prophet's birth and a national holiday, His Imperial Majesty (HIM) remained at his desk.

Ironically, Prime Minister Hoveyda in interviews publicly encouraged criticism of all sorts while privately censoring the press.

"[17] Towfigh was admitted to the intensive care unit of Firouzgar Hospital in Tehran on the first day of spring 2017 due to a lung infection.