Hugh Miller Thompson (June 5, 1830 – November 18, 1902) was the second Bishop of Mississippi.

Thompson was born on June 5, 1830, in Derry, Ireland however he emigrated to the United States with his parents when he was 6 years old.

He trained for the priesthood in Nashotah House and was ordained deacon on June 6, 1852, and priest on August 31, 1856.

Thompson was elected bishop coadjutor of Mississippi and was consecrated on February 24, 1883.

Thompson remained Mississippi's diocesan bishop until his death November 18, 1902.