[1][2] Chetham was born in Crumpsall, Lancashire, England, the son of Henry Chetham, a successful Manchester merchant who lived in Crumpsall Hall and his wife, Jane (c.1542–1616), the daughter of Robert Wroe of Heaton.
[3] The business was successful, since the fabric was bought in London and sold for a higher price in Manchester.
He acquired Clayton Hall in Manchester as his home, and in 1628 was also able to buy Turton Tower from William Orrell.
In 1631, he was asked to be knighted after his huge wealth became known to the Crown, but he declined the honour, and so was fined.
He also left money to establish Chetham's Library, including funds to pay for books.