Hyles livornicoides

[2]  H. livornicoides was once a common food source for the Arrente community in Central Australia,  however is not consumed anymore due to their sacredness and increasing scarcity.

[4] In the early stages of its caterpillar form, H. Livornicoides is green with a dark dorsal line, ending at a stumpy black tail spike.

During the third and fourth instars, the caterpillar develops black-edged orange eyespots along each side, joined by a pale line.

During H. Livornicoides' final instar,  they may become green, brown or black in colour, and their tail spike becomes strongly curved backwards.

[5]The Arrente people associate H. livornicoides with certain plant taxa, such as tarvine (Boerhavia diffusa and B. schomburgkiana), emu bush (Eremophila longifolia) and pink rockwort (Sedopsis filsonii), due to the plants role in providing forage and habitat for the caterpillar.