Hyles tithymali, the Barbary spurge hawk-moth, is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1834.

Genomic analysis places the entire species as a subspecies of Hyles euphorbiae.

It is thought that Hyles tithymali had a much larger range in Europe, but has been pushed further south after the cooling c. 3600 years ago.

t. sammuti (Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998)] according to molecular studies is a hybrid from H. euphorbiae × H. tithymali.

- The taxonomic final status of the taxon gallaeci Gil-T., Requejo & Estévez, 2011 (larvae very similar to other taxa of the tithymali group) is awaiting a study molecular (not only of its mitochondrial DNA, but also of its nuclear DNA).