Hyperboloid structure

[2] Hyperboloid structures are superior in stability against outside forces compared with "straight" buildings, but have shapes often creating large amounts of unusable volume (low space efficiency).

At the bottom, the widening of the tower provides a large area for installation of fill to promote thin film evaporative cooling of the circulated water.

[citation needed] In the 1880s, Shukhov began to work on the problem of the design of roof systems to use a minimum of materials, time and labor.

The steel gridshells of the exhibition pavilions of the 1896 All-Russian Industrial and Handicrafts Exposition in Nizhny Novgorod were the first publicly prominent examples of Shukhov's new system.

The roofs of these pavilions were doubly curved gridshells formed entirely of a lattice of straight angle-iron and flat iron bars.

His design, as well as the full set of supporting calculations analyzing the hyperbolic geometry and sizing the network of members, was completed by February 1919.

Antoni Gaudi used structures in the form of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) and hyperboloid of revolution in the Sagrada Família in 1910.

[citation needed] In the Palau Güell, there is one set of interior columns along the main facade with hyperbolic capitals.

The famous Spanish engineer and architect Eduardo Torroja designed a thin-shell water tower in Fedala[5] and the roof of Hipódromo de la Zarzuela[6] in the form of hyperboloid of revolution.

[citation needed] A hyperboloid cooling tower by Frederik van Iterson and Gerard Kuypers was patented in the Netherlands on August 16, 1916.

Hyperboloid lattice Adziogol Lighthouse by V.G. Shukhov near Kherson , 1911
The gridshell of Shukhov Tower in Moscow
Hyperboloid tower in Kōbe , Japan