While it is often mistaken for diabetes or hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia can result from a variety of metabolic diseases and conditions, as well as non-nutritive sugars in the diet.

[4] This close association between hyperinsulinemia and conditions of metabolic syndrome suggest related or common mechanisms of pathogenicity.

[3] Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to "play a role in obese hypertension by increasing renal sodium retention".

[5] Studies on mice with genetically reduced circulating insulin suggest that hyperinsulinemia plays a causal role in high fat diet-induced obesity.

To compensate for the increased blood glucose levels, fetal pancreatic beta cells can undergo hyperplasia.

Lifestyle choices including diet, exercise, and sleep deprivation play the largest role in Hyperinsulinemia & insulin resistance.

[11] On the other hand, adipose tissue is known to secrete various metabolites, hormones and cytokines that may play a role in causing hyperinsulinemia.

Diagnosis is often made by checking normal levels of glucose that exceed 1.7 mmol/L (30 mg/dL) when 1 mg of glucagon is administered IM or IV.

[20] A healthy diet that is low in simple sugars and processed carbohydrates, and high in fiber, and vegetable protein is often recommended.

[21] Regular monitoring of weight, blood sugar, and insulin are advised, as hyperinsulinemia may develop into diabetes mellitus type 2.

[23] Moreover, a diet that consists of high amounts of carbs have been linked to weight gain and obesity in rodents.