Hyperpersonal model

Compared to ordinary FtF situations, a hyperpersonal message sender has a greater ability to strategically develop and edit self-presentation, enabling a selective and optimized presentation of one's self to others.

[1] Combinations of media attributes, social phenomena, and social-psychological processes may lead CMC to become "hyperpersonal", that is, to exceed face-to-face (FtF) communication.

With more time for message construction and less stress of ongoing interaction, users may have taken the opportunity to objective self-awareness, reflection, selection and transmission of preferable cues.

"[1] Message senders use the process of selective self-presentation, which refers to CMC users' ability to manage their online image.

When communication partners are geographically dispersed, individuals are likely to make positive attributions if group salience is high.

[1] Walthers cites a study by Chilcoat and DeWine (1985) in which three interpersonal perceptions were examined (attractiveness, attitude similarity, and credibility) against three asynchronous communication vehicles (FtF, videoconferencing, and audioconferencing).

He says that the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) predicts that subtle context cues take on a strong value in CMC.

With fewer cues on which to base their perceptions, receivers have to "fill in the gaps" of their understanding of the other interactant and often assume more positive characteristics of them.

"[1] Disentrained channels—most often asynchronous communication, via email or forums—gives individuals a way to manage their relationships within groups more efficiently than via FtF.

Through the process of entrainment, people synchronize their activities to meet the requirements of the group's needs, which is constrained by each individuals time and attention.

Entrainment can make it difficult for groups to complete tasks together since it requires FtF, and thus synchronous, communication, which may include off-topic discussions that hinder productivity.

Greater attention can be spent focusing on tasks related to the group rather than spending time and effort on communication that is irrelevant to the goal.

Walther argues that the behavioral confirmation - "reciprocal influence that partners exert" in sender-receiver roles — is magnified in minimal-cue interaction like CMC.

[3] Some argue that the lack of nonverbal cues in CMC may decrease one's capability of fostering and managing accurate impression on others.

Walther suggested in his research in 1996 that CMC can actually improve the interpersonal bond between senders and receivers because of the lack of nonverbal cues and demographic messages.

[4] Walther argued that nonverbal and demographic cues that occur in FtF communication play a distracting role; while in CMC communication, hyperpersonal interaction is created in which senders pay more attention on the strategy of delivering message so that the self-presentation is enhanced and optimized, which eventually improve the interpersonal interaction.

[1] When media attributes, social phenomena and social-psychological processes are integrated, the result is what Walther called "hyperpersonal.

[1] Finally, Walther brought up the concept of hyperpersonal communication, which demonstrates that "CMC that is more socially desirable than we tend to experience in parallel FtF interaction.

[1] The hyperpersonal model can be understood by looking at the established communication processes that include sender, receiver, channel, and feedback.

The theoretical assumption of the inflated interpersonal feedback in CMC pointed out in the hyperpersonal model by Walther[1] is advanced by this research.

Hyperpersonal model can be deemed as the theoretical framework for the research on exaggerated social process in CMC mainly from the following perspectives: 1)selective presentation, 2)Impression management, 3)Impression management in CMC, 4) idealized interpretation, 5)interpersonal feedback loop, 6)Identity shift, and 7) influence of feedback on identity shift.

The theory describes having a set of organizational communication channels with objectives that enable researchers to determine the capacity of rich information.

According to Daft and Lengel,[34] they believe communication channels such as email and phone recede the necessary abilities to convey messages that use rich information.

In 2004, Kock originally argued that humans were not equipped to deal with CMC when compared to "richer" forms of communication like FtF interactions.

"[3] Deindividuation is a social psychology theory being generally thought as the loss of self-awareness in groups, though this is a matter of contention.

3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.