Oligodactyly (from Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and δάκτυλος (daktylos) 'finger') is the presence of fewer than five digits (fingers or toes) on a hand or foot.

[1][2] It is quite often incorrectly called hypodactyly; the Greek prefixes hypo- and hyper- are used for continuous scales (e.g. in hypoglycaemia and hyperthermia), as opposed to discrete or countable scales, where oligo- and poly- should be used (e.g. in oligarchy and polygamy).

[7] People with oligodactyly often have full use of the remaining digits and adapt well to their condition.

[4][8] Even those with the most extreme forms are known to engage in tasks that require fine control, such as writing[4] and bootmaking[8] as well as working as a cab driver.

[8] The Wadoma people of Zimbabwe have a high frequency of oligodactyly.